| Element | USE: 'THESE', ALREADY MENTIONED |
|---|---|
| SuperCat | PRONOUNS |
| SubCat | demonstratives |
| Lexical Range | N/A |
| Level | B1 |
| Cando | Can use 'these' as a pronoun to refer to something with immediate relevance which has already been mentioned. ► noun phrases ► pronouns: demonstrative |
| Corrected Learner Example | He is very clever and generous, and these are the things that I like most about him. (Brazil; B1 THRESHOLD; 2009; Portuguese; Pass) There are a few interesting and funny programmes like The Simpsons, Password or José Mota's hour. These are the only programmes I like watching. (Spain; B1 THRESHOLD; 2010; Spanish - European; Pass) I think that we have similar taste about things like these. (Poland; B1 THRESHOLD; 2008; Polish; Pass) |
| Uncorrected Learner Example | He is very clever and generous, and these are the things that I like most on him. (Brazil; B1 THRESHOLD; 2009; Portuguese; Pass) There are a few interesting and funny programmes like The Simpsons, Password or José Mota's hour (that have finished since May). These are the only programmes I like watching. (Spain; B1 THRESHOLD; 2010; Spanish - European; Pass) I think that we have similar taste about things like these. (Poland; B1 THRESHOLD; 2008; Polish; Pass) |
| Comments | We have no examples of deictic use of this, common in spoken language where a speaker points to a physically present object. It may be a can-do at a lower level in spoken data. ||These examples focus on distance which is not physical. By using these the writer is choosing to make something CLOSER or immediately relevant rather than distancing it in terms of affiliation. |
