| Element | FORM/USE: PAST NEGATIVE, DEDUCTIONS |
|---|---|
| SuperCat | MODALITY |
| SubCat | can |
| Lexical Range | N/A |
| Level | C1 |
| Cando | Can use 'can't' or 'cannot have' + '-ed' to make deductions. |
| Corrected Learner Example | I live with my partner and we can't have used so much electricity. (C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 2009; Polish; Pass) …it cannot have been such a disappointment. (Swedish, C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY, Pass, 2000) The air-conditioning cannot have been working properly as the coach was too cold. (Danish, C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY, Pass, 1998) |
| Uncorrected Learner Example | |
| Comments | N/A |
