| PAST |
past perfect continuous |
B2 |
FORM: WITH ADVERBS
Can use the past perfect continuous with adverbs in the normal mid position. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect continuous |
B2 |
USE: RESULTS
Can use the past perfect continuous to talk about events which started before a time in the past and which finished, but where the effects or results were still important at a point in the past. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect continuous |
C2 |
FORM: QUESTIONS
Can use the question form. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B1 |
FORM/USE: AFTER 'IF' CLAUSES
Can use the past perfect simple in 'if'-clauses to talk about imagined situations in the past, often with regret. ► 'if'-clauses |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B1 |
FORM: AFFIRMATIVE
Can use the affirmative form. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B1 |
FORM: NEGATIVE
Can use negative forms. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B1 |
FORM: WITH ADVERBS
Can use the past perfect simple with a limited range of adverbs (including 'never', 'ever', 'just', 'always', 'already') in the normal mid-position. ► adverbs |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B1 |
USE: TIME UP TO THEN
Can use the past perfect simple to talk about a time before another time in the past. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM/USE: AFTER 'BECAUSE', EXPLANATIONS
Can use the past perfect simple after 'because' to give explanatory information. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM/USE: AFTER 'IF ONLY' AND 'WISH', IMAGINED PAST
Can use the affirmative form after 'if only', and the affirmative and negative forms after 'wish' to talk about regret. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM/USE: INVERSION WITH 'NEVER (BEFORE)'
Can invert the subject and auxiliary verb after 'never (before)' to talk about a unique event, often in formal contexts. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM/USE: INVERSION WITH 'NO SOONER ... THAN'
Can invert the subject and auxiliary verb with 'no sooner ... than' to talk about something that happened immediately before something else, often in formal contexts. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM: ELLIPSIS
Can leave out the subject before the past perfect simple where it is understood from the previous clause. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM: QUESTIONS
Can use question forms. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
FORM: WITH ADVERBS
Can use the past perfect simple with a wide range of adverbs (including 'finally', 'recently', 'simply') in the normal mid-position. ► adverbs |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
USE: BACKGROUND INFORMATION, RELATIVE CLAUSE
Can use the past perfect simple in relative clauses to give background information. ► relative clauses |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
USE: CHANGE OF SITUATION
Can use the past perfect simple to talk about situations which changed. |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
USE: REPORTS OF QUESTIONS
Can use the past perfect simple to report questions, where the main verb in the reporting clause is in the past simple. ► reported speech |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
B2 |
USE: REPORTS OF STATEMENTS
Can use the past perfect simple to report statements, where the main verb in the reporting clause is in the past simple. ► reported speech |
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Details |
| PAST |
past perfect simple |
C1 |
FORM/USE: INVERSION, IMAGINED PAST
Can invert the subject and affirmative auxiliary verb to talk about imagined situations in the past, often with regret, in formal contexts. |
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Details |
